@Article{CarneiroFiscBorgHenk:2020:ErNoBo,
               author = "Carneiro, Rayonil Gomes and Fisch, Gilberto and Borges, Camilla 
                         Kassar and Henkes, Alice Franci{\'e}li",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         de Aeron{\'a}utica e Espa{\c{c}}o (IAE)} and {Universidade 
                         Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer in the central Amazon 
                         during the dry season",
              journal = "Acta Amazonica",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "50",
               number = "1",
                pages = "80--89",
                month = "jan./mar.",
             keywords = "planetary boundary layer, turbulent kinetic energy, heat flux, NBL 
                         erosion, camada limite planet{\'a}ria, energia cin{\'e}tica 
                         turbulenta, fluxo de calor, eros{\~a}o da CLN.",
             abstract = "In this study, the erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) 
                         was analyzed in the central Amazon during the dry season of 2014, 
                         using data from the GoAmazon 2014/5 Project and high-resolution 
                         model outputs (PArallelized Les Model PALM). The dataset consisted 
                         of in situ (radiosonde) and remote sensing instruments 
                         measurements (Ceilometer, Lidar, Wind Profiler, microwave 
                         radiometer, and SODAR). The results showed that the NBL erosion 
                         occurred, on average, two hours after sunrise (06:00 local time), 
                         and the sensible heat flux provided more than 50% of the sensible 
                         heating necessary for the erosion process to occur. After the 
                         erosion, the convective phase developed quickly (175.2 m h-1). The 
                         measurements of the remote sensors showed that the Ceilometer, in 
                         general, presented satisfactory results in relation to the 
                         radiosondes for measuring the height of the planetary boundary 
                         layer. The PALM simulations represented well the NBL erosion, with 
                         a small underestimation (\≈ 20 m) at the beginning of this 
                         phase. In the final phase of NBL erosion and in the initial stage 
                         of the development of the convective boundary layer (CBL), the 
                         model presented satisfactory results, with heights of CBL ranging 
                         from 800 m to 1,650 m, respectively. RESUMO: Este estudo teve como 
                         objetivo analisar a eros{\~a}o da camada limite noturna (CLN) na 
                         Amaz{\^o}nia central durante a esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca de 2014, 
                         usando dados do Projeto GoAmazon 2014/5 e sa{\'{\i}}das do 
                         modelo de alta resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o (PArallelized Les Model 
                         PALM). O conjunto de dados consistiu de medidas por instrumentos 
                         in situ (radiossonda) e sensoriamento remoto (Ceilometer, Lidar, 
                         Wind Profiler, radi{\^o}metro de microondas e SODAR). Os 
                         resultados mostraram que a eros{\~a}o da CLN ocorreu, em 
                         m{\'e}dia, duas horas ap{\'o}s o nascer do sol (06:00 hora 
                         local), e o fluxo de calor sens{\'{\i}}vel forneceu mais de 50% 
                         do aquecimento necess{\'a}rio para o processo de eros{\~a}o 
                         ocorrer. Ap{\'o}s a eros{\~a}o, a fase convectiva se desenvolveu 
                         rapidamente (175,2 m h-1). As medidas dos sensores remotos 
                         mostraram que o Ceilometer, em geral, apresentou resultados 
                         satisfat{\'o}rios em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\`a}s radiossondas 
                         para medidas da altura da camada limite planet{\'a}ria. As 
                         simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es PALM representaram bem a eros{\~a}o da 
                         CLN, com uma pequena subestima{\c{c}}{\~a}o (\≈ 20 m) no 
                         in{\'{\i}}cio desta fase. Na fase final da eros{\~a}o da CLN e 
                         no est{\'a}gio inicial do desenvolvimento da camada limite 
                         convectiva (CLC), o modelo apresentou resultados 
                         satisfat{\'o}rios, com alturas variando de 800 m a 1.650 m, 
                         respectivamente.",
                  doi = "10.1590/1809-4392201804453",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201804453",
                 issn = "0044-5967",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "carneiro_erosion.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}